Asthma is a chronic medical condition that makes lungs hypersensitive to certain triggers, such as allergens, illness, cold, and even exercise. Oftentimes, asthma runs in families. Diagnosis is typically made based on medical history, blood tests, skin tests, and lung function tests.

 

While asthma is usually diagnosed during childhood, it can progress and even show up in adulthood.

 

There are several types of asthma.

 

Allergic asthma

Allergic asthma is caused by allergens in the environment called "triggers." Examples of allergic triggers include:

 

• Animals (saliva, urine, dander, fur, or droppings of cats, dogs, and mice)

• Dust mites

• Mold

• Pollen from trees, grass, and weeds

• Tobacco smoke or secondhand smoke

 

Exercise-induced asthma

The symptoms of Exercise-induced asthma are triggered or worsen by cold dry air, the loss of heat and moisture from the airways, and/or increased breathing during physical activity.

 

Nonallergic asthma

Nonallergic asthma, also known as intrinsic asthma, accounts for up to 30% of asthma cases. It is associated with more severe asthma symptoms. This type of asthma develops later in life and may be triggered by infections (viral colds, sinus infections, etc.), pollutants, or even emotional stress. Diagnosis involves ruling out allergic triggers through allergy skin testing or blood (IgE negative) tests.

 

Occupational asthma

Occupational asthma, also known as work-related asthma, is a condition where asthma symptoms are triggered due to exposures to certain substances (irritants) in the workplace. These substances may include dusts, fumes, gases, paints, plastics, metals, food additives, and many other chemicals.

 

Different types of asthma can often overlap with one another. Once asthma is diagnosed (and specific triggers are identified), it can be managed with allergen avoidance, prescription medications, and lifestyle modification.